Al-Ayd means strength in knowledge and action. Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd said, "Al-Ayd means strength.'' Mujahid said, "Al-Ayd means strength in obedience to Allah.'' Qatadah said, "Dawud, peace be upon him, was given strength in worship and the proper understanding of Islam.'' He told us that he, peace be upon him, used to spend a third of the night in prayer, and he fasted for half a lifetime. This was reported in the Two Sahihs, where it is recorded that the Messenger of Allah said:

آ«ط£ظژط­ظژط¨ظ‘ظڈ ط§ظ„طµظ‘ظژظ„ظژط§ط©ظگ ط¥ظگظ„ظژظ‰ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‡ظگ طھظژط¹ظژط§ظ„ظژظ‰ طµظژظ„ظژط§ط©ظڈ ط¯ظژط§ظˆظڈط¯ظژطŒ ظˆظژط£ظژط­ظژط¨ظ‘ظڈ ط§ظ„طµظ‘ظگظٹظژط§ظ…ظگ ط¥ظگظ„ظژظ‰ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‡ظگ ط¹ظژط²ظ‘ظژ ظˆظژط¬ظژظ„ظ‘ظژ طµظگظٹظژط§ظ…ظڈ ط¯ظژط§ظˆظڈط¯ظژطŒ ظƒظژط§ظ†ظژ ظٹظژظ†ظژط§ظ…ظڈ ظ†ظگطµظ’ظپظژ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظٹظ’ظ„ظگطŒ ظˆظژظٹظژظ‚ظڈظˆظ…ظڈ ط«ظڈظ„ظڈط«ظژظ‡ظڈطŒ ظˆظژظٹظژظ†ظژط§ظ…ظڈ ط³ظڈط¯ظڈط³ظژظ‡ظڈطŒ ظˆظژظƒظژط§ظ†ظژ ظٹظژطµظڈظˆظ…ظڈ ظٹظژظˆظ’ظ…ظ‹ط§ ظˆظژظٹظڈظپظ’ط·ظگط±ظڈ ظٹظژظˆظ’ظ…ظ‹ط§طŒ ظˆظژظ„ظژط§ ظٹظژظپظگط±ظ‘ظڈ ط¥ظگط°ظژط§ ظ„ظژط§ظ‚ظژظ‰طŒ ظˆظژط£ظژظ†ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈ ظƒظژط§ظ†ظژ ط£ظژظˆظ‘ظژط§ط¨ظ‹ط§آ»

(The most beloved of prayer to Allah is the prayer of Dawud, and the most beloved of fasting to Allah is the fasting of Dawud. He used to sleep for half of the night, stand in prayer for a third of the night, then sleep for a sixth of the night, and he used to fast alternate days. He never fled from the battlefield, and he always turned to Allah.) which means that he turned to Allah with regard to all of his affairs.

﴿ط¥ظگظ†ظ‘ظژط§ ط³ظژط®ظ‘ظژط±ظ’ظ†ظژط§ ط§ظ„ط¬ظگط¨ظژط§ظ„ظژ ظ…ظژط¹ظژظ‡ظڈ ظٹظڈط³ظژط¨ظ‘ظگط­ظ’ظ†ظژ ط¨ظگط§ظ„ظ’ط¹ظژط´ظگظ‰ظ‘ظگ ظˆظژط§ظ„ط¥ظگط´ظ’ط±ظژط§ظ‚ظگ ﴾

(Verily, We made the mountains to glorify Our praises with him in the `Ashi and Ishraq. ) means, Allah caused the mountains to glorify His praises with him at sunrise and at the end of the day. This is like the Ayah:

﴿ظٹظژط¬ظگط¨ظژط§ظ„ظڈ ط£ظژظˆظ‘ظگط¨ظگظ‰ ظ…ظژط¹ظژظ‡ظڈ ظˆظژط§ظ„ط·ظ‘ظژظٹظ’ط±ظژ﴾

(O you mountains. Glorify (Allah) with him! And you birds (also)!) (34:10). The birds also used to glorify Allah's praises with him. If a bird flew by him and heard him chanting the Zabur, it would not go away; instead it would stay hovering in the air, glorifying Allah along with him. And the lofty mountains would respond to him and echo his glorification of Allah. Ibn Jarir recorded from `Abdullah bin Al-Harith bin Nawfal that Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, did not pray Ad-Duha. ﴿`Abdullah said:﴾ "So I took him to Umm Hani, may Allah be pleased with her, and said to her, `Tell him what you told me.' She said, `The Messenger of Allah entered my house on the day of the conquest of Makkah. He called for water to be poured into a large bowl, then he called for a garment which he used as a screen between me and him, and he washed himself. Then he sprinkled water around the house and prayed eight Rak`ahs. This was Ad-Duha, and its standing, bowing, prostration and sitting were all equal in brevity.' Ibn `Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, left, saying, `I have read the Qur'an from cover to cover, and I never knew about Salat Ad-Duha until now!' Then he recited:

﴿ظٹظڈط³ظژط¨ظ‘ظگط­ظ’ظ†ظژ ط¨ظگط§ظ„ظ’ط¹ظژط´ظگظ‰ظ‘ظگ ظˆظژط§ظ„ط¥ظگط´ظ’ط±ظژط§ظ‚ظگ﴾

(glorify Our praises with him in the `Ashi and Ishraq.) I used to say, "What is Salat Al-Ishraq, but now I know what it is.''

﴿ظˆظژط§ظ„ط·ظ‘ظژظٹظ’ط±ظژ ظ…ظژط­ظ’ط´ظڈظˆط±ظژط©ظ‹﴾

(And (so did) the birds assembled,) meaning, hovering in the air.

﴿ظƒظڈظ„ظ‘ظŒ ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈ ط£ظژظˆظ‘ظژط§ط¨ظŒ﴾

(all obedient to him.) means, they obeyed him and followed him in glorifying Allah. Sa`id bin Jubayr, Qatadah and Malik said, narrating from Zayd bin Aslam and Ibn Zayd:

﴿ظƒظڈظ„ظ‘ظŒ ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈ ط£ظژظˆظ‘ظژط§ط¨ظŒ﴾

(all obedient to him.) means, "Following his commands.''

﴿ظˆظژط´ظژط¯ظژط¯ظ’ظ†ظژط§ ظ…ظڈظ„ظ’ظƒظژظ‡ظڈ﴾

(We made his kingdom strong) means, `We gave him complete dominion with all that kings need.' Ibn Abi Najih reported that Mujahid said, "He was the strongest and most powerful of the people of this world.''

﴿ظˆظژط،ظژط§طھظژظٹظ’ظ†ظژظ€ظ‡ظڈ ط§ظ„ظ’ط­ظگظƒظ’ظ…ظژط©ظژ﴾

(and gave him Al-Hikmah) Mujahid said, "This means understanding, reason and intelligence.'' Qatadah said, "The Book of Allah and following what is in it.'' As-Suddi said:

﴿ط§ظ„ظ’ط­ظگظƒظ’ظ…ظژط©ظژ﴾

(Al-Hikmah) "Prophethood.''

﴿ظˆظژظپظژطµظ’ظ„ظژ ط§ظ„ظ’ط®ظگط·ظژط§ط¨ظگ﴾

(and sound judgement) Shurayh Al-Qadi and Ash-Sha`bi said, "Sound judgement is testimony and oaths.'' Qatadah said, "Two witnesses for the plaintiff or an oath on the part of the defendant is meaning of sound judgement.'' This is the sound judgement which the Prophets and Messengers judged and the believers and righteous accepted. This is the basis of this Ummah's judicial system until the Day of Resurrection. This was the view of Abu `Abdur-Rahman As-Sulami. Mujahid and As-Suddi said, "It means passing the right judgement and understanding the case.'' Mujahid also said, "It is soundness in speech and in judgement, and this includes all of the above.'' This is what is meant, and this is the view favored by Ibn Jarir.

﴿ظˆظژظ‡ظژظ„ظ’ ط£ظژطھظژط§ظƒظژ ظ†ظژط¨ظژط¤ظڈط§ ط§ظ„ظ’ط®ظژطµظ’ظ…ظگ ط¥ظگط°ظ’ طھظژط³ظژظˆظ‘ظژط±ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ط§ظ„ظ’ظ…ظگط­ظ’ط±ظژط§ط¨ظژ - ط¥ظگط°ظ’ ط¯ظژط®ظژظ„ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ط¹ظژظ„ظژظ‰ ط¯ظژط§ظˆظڈظˆط¯ظژ ظپظژظپظژط²ظگط¹ظژ ظ…ظگظ†ظ’ظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ظ‚ظژط§ظ„ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ظ„ط§ظژ طھظژط®ظژظپظ’ ط®ظژطµظ’ظ…ظژط§ظ†ظگ ط¨ظژط؛ظژظ‰ ط¨ظژط¹ظ’ط¶ظڈظ†ظژط§ ط¹ظژظ„ظژظ‰ ط¨ظژط¹ظ’ط¶ظچ ظپظژط§ط­ظ’ظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ط¨ظژظٹظ’ظ†ظژظ†ظژط§ ط¨ظگط§ظ„ظ’ط­ظژظ‚ظ‘ظگ ظˆظژظ„ط§ظژ طھظڈط´ظ’ط·ظگط·ظ’ ظˆظژط§ظ‡ظ’ط¯ظگظ†ظژط¢ ط¥ظگظ„ظژظ‰ ط³ظژظˆظژط¢ط،ظگ ط§ظ„طµظ‘ظگط±ظژط·ظگ - ط¥ظگظ†ظ‘ظژ ظ‡ظژط°ظژط¢ ط£ظژط®ظگظ‰ ظ„ظژظ‡ظڈ طھظگط³ظ’ط¹ظŒ ظˆظژطھظگط³ظ’ط¹ظڈظˆظ†ظژ ظ†ظژط¹ظ’ط¬ظژط©ظ‹ ظˆظژظ„ظگظ‰ ظ†ظژط¹ظ’ط¬ظژط©ظŒ ظˆظژط­ظگط¯ظژط©ظŒ ظپظژظ‚ظژط§ظ„ظژ ط£ظژظƒظ’ظپظگظ„ظ’ظ†ظگظٹظ‡ظژط§ ظˆظژط¹ظژط²ظ‘ظژظ†ظگظ‰ ظپظگظ‰ ط§ظ„ظ’ط®ظگط·ظژط§ط¨ظگ - ظ‚ظژط§ظ„ظژ ظ„ظژظ‚ظژط¯ظ’ ط¸ظژظ„ظژظ…ظژظƒظژ ط¨ظگط³ظڈط¤ظژط§ظ„ظگ ظ†ظژط¹ظ’ط¬ظژطھظگظƒظژ ط¥ظگظ„ظژظ‰ ظ†ظگط¹ظژط§ط¬ظگظ‡ظگ ظˆظژط¥ظگظ†ظ‘ظژ ظƒظژط«ظگظٹط±ط§ظ‹ ظ…ظ‘ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ظ’ط®ظڈظ„ظژط·ظژط¢ط،ظگ ظ„ظژظٹظژط¨ظ’ط؛ظگظ‰ ط¨ظژط¹ظ’ط¶ظڈظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ط¹ظژظ„ظژظ‰ ط¨ظژط¹ظ’ط¶ظچ ط¥ظگظ„ط§ظ‘ظژ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژط°ظگظٹظ†ظژ ط،ظژط§ظ…ظژظ†ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ظˆظژط¹ظژظ…ظگظ„ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ط§ظ„طµظ‘ظژظ€ظ„ظگط­ظژظ€طھظگ ظˆظژظ‚ظژظ„ظگظٹظ„ظŒ ظ…ظ‘ظژط§ ظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ظˆظژط¸ظژظ†ظ‘ظژ ط¯ظژط§ظˆظڈظˆط¯ظڈ ط£ظژظ†ظ‘ظژظ…ظژط§ ظپظژطھظژظ†ظ‘ظژظ€ظ‡ظڈ ظپظژط§ط³ظ’طھظژط؛ظ’ظپظژط±ظژ ط±ظژط¨ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈ ظˆظژط®ظژط±ظ‘ظژ ط±ظژط§ظƒظگط¹ط§ظ‹ ظˆظژط£ظژظ†ظژط§ط¨ظژ - ظپظژط؛ظژظپظژط±ظ’ظ†ظژط§ ظ„ظژظ‡ظڈ ط°ظژظ„ظگظƒظژ ظˆظژط¥ظگظ†ظ‘ظژ ظ„ظژظ‡ظڈ ط¹ظگظ†ط¯ظژظ†ظژط§ ظ„ظژط²ظڈظ„ظ’ظپظژظ‰ ظˆظژط­ظڈط³ظ’ظ†ظژ ظ…ظژظ€ظژط§ط¨ظچ ﴾

(21. And has the news of the litigants reached you When they climbed over the wall into (his) Mihrab (private chamber of worship);) (22. When they entered in upon Dawud, he was terrified of them. They said: "Fear not! (We are) two litigants, one of us has wronged the other, therefore judge between us with truth, and treat us not with injustice, and guide us to the right way.) (23. Verily, this my brother (in religion) has ninety-nine ewes, while I have (only) one ewe, and he says: "Hand it over to me, and he overpowered me in speech.'') (24. ﴿Dawud﴾ said: "He has wronged you in demanding your ewe in addition to his ewes. And, verily, many partners oppress one another, except those who believe and do righteous good deeds, and they are few.'' And Dawud guessed that We have tried him and he sought forgiveness of his Lord, and he fell down prostrate and turned (to Allah) in repentance.) (25. So, We forgave him that, and verily, for him is a near access to Us, and a good place of return.)