Tafsir Ibn Kathir -> Surah An-Nisa -> One Does not Become a Believer Unless He Refers to the Messenger for Judgment and Submits to his Decisions |
Allah said, ﴿ظپظژظ„ط§ظژ ظˆظژط±ظژط¨ظ‘ظگظƒظژ ظ„ط§ظژ ظٹظڈط¤ظ’ظ…ظگظ†ظڈظˆظ†ظژ طظژطھظ‘ظژظ‰ ظٹظڈطظژظƒظ‘ظگظ…ظڈظˆظƒظژ ظپظگظٹظ…ظژط§ ط´ظژط¬ظژط±ظژ ط¨ظژظٹظ’ظ†ظژظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’﴾ (But no, by your Lord, they can have no faith, until they make you judge in all disputes between them,) Allah swears by His Glorious, Most Honorable Self, that no one shall attain faith until he refers to the Messenger for judgment in all matters. Thereafter, whatever the Messenger commands, is the plain truth that must be submitted to inwardly and outwardly. Allah said, ﴿ط«ظڈظ…ظ‘ظژ ظ„ط§ظژ ظٹظژط¬ظگط¯ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ظپظگظ‰ ط£ظژظ†ظپظڈط³ظگظ‡ظگظ…ظ’ طظژط±ظژط¬ط§ظ‹ ظ…ظ‘ظگظ…ظ‘ظژط§ ظ‚ظژط¶ظژظٹظ’طھظژ ظˆظژظٹظڈط³ظژظ„ظ‘ظگظ…ظڈظˆط§ظ’ طھظژط³ظ’ظ„ظگظٹظ…ط§ظ‹﴾ (and find in themselves no resistance against your decisions, and accept (them) with full submission.) meaning: they adhere to your judgment, and thus do not feel any hesitation over your decision, and they submit to it inwardly and outwardly. They submit to the Prophet's decision with total submission without any rejection, denial or dispute. Al-Bukhari recorded that `Urwah said, "Az-Zubayr quarreled with a man about a stream which both of them used for irrigation. Allah's Messenger said to Az-Zubayr, آ«ط§ط³ظ’ظ‚ظگ ظٹظژط§ ط²ظڈط¨ظژظٹظ’ط±ظڈ ط«ظڈظ…ظ‘ظژ ط£ظژط±ظ’ط³ظگظ„ظگ ط§ظ„ظ’ظ…ظژط§ط،ظژ ط¥ظگظ„ظ‰ ط¬ظژط§ط±ظگظƒآ» (O Zubayr! Irrigate (your garden) first, and then let the water flow to your neighbor.) The Ansari became angry and said, `O Allah's Messenger! Is it because he is your cousin' On that, the face of Allah's Messenger changed color (because of anger) and said, آ«ط§ط³ظ’ظ‚ظگ ظٹظژط§ ط²ظڈط¨ظژظٹظ’ط±ظڈ ط«ظڈظ…ظ‘ظژ ط§طظ’ط¨ظگط³ظگ ط§ظ„ظ’ظ…ظژط§ط،ظژ طظژطھظ‘ظژظ‰ ظٹظژط±ظ’ط¬ظگط¹ظژ ط¥ظگظ„ظژظ‰ ط§ظ„ظ’ط¬ظژط¯ظ’ط±ظگطŒط«ظڈظ…ظ‘ظژ ط£ظژط±ظ’ط³ظگظ„ظگ ط§ظ„ظ’ظ…ظژط§ط،ظژ ط¥ظگظ„ظ‰ ط¬ظژط§ط±ظگظƒآ» (Irrigate (your garden), O Zubayr, and then withhold the water until it reaches the walls (surrounding the palms). Then, release the water to your neighbor.) So, Allah's Messenger gave Az-Zubayr his full right when the Ansari made him angry. Before that, Allah's Messenger had given a generous judgment, beneficial for Az-Zubayr and the Ansari. Az-Zubayr said, `I think the following verse was revealed concerning that case, ﴿ظپظژظ„ط§ظژ ظˆظژط±ظژط¨ظ‘ظگظƒظژ ظ„ط§ظژ ظٹظڈط¤ظ’ظ…ظگظ†ظڈظˆظ†ظژ طظژطھظ‘ظژظ‰ ظٹظڈطظژظƒظ‘ظگظ…ظڈظˆظƒظژ ظپظگظٹظ…ظژط§ ط´ظژط¬ظژط±ظژ ط¨ظژظٹظ’ظ†ظژظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’﴾ (But no, by your Lord, they can have no faith, until they make you (O Muhammad ) judge in all disputes between them.)''' Another Reason In his Tafsir, Al-Hafiz Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin `Abdur-Rahman bin Ibrahim bin Duhaym recorded that Damrah narrated that two men took their dispute to the Prophet , and he gave a judgment to the benefit of whoever among them had the right. The person who lost the dispute said, "I do not agree.'' The other person asked him, "What do you want then'' He said, "Let us go to Abu Bakr As-Siddiq.'' They went to Abu Bakr and the person who won the dispute said, "We went to the Prophet with our dispute and he issued a decision in my favor.'' Abu Bakr said, "Then the decision is that which the Messenger of Allah issued.'' The person who lost the dispute still rejected the decision and said, "Let us go to `Umar bin Al-Khattab.'' When they went to `Umar, the person who won the dispute said, "We took our dispute to the Prophet and he decided in my favor, but this man refused to submit to the decision.'' `Umar bin Al-Khattab asked the second man and he concurred. `Umar went to his house and emerged from it holding aloft his sword. He struck the head of the man who rejected the Prophet's decision with the sword and killed him. Consequently, Allah revealed, ﴿ظپظژظ„ط§ظژ ظˆظژط±ظژط¨ظ‘ظگظƒظژ ظ„ط§ظژ ظٹظڈط¤ظ’ظ…ظگظ†ظڈظˆظ†ظژ﴾ (But no, by your Lord, they can have no faith). ﴿ظˆظژظ„ظژظˆظ’ ط£ظژظ†ظ‘ظژط§ ظƒظژطھظژط¨ظ’ظ†ظژط§ ط¹ظژظ„ظژظٹظ’ظ‡ظگظ…ظ’ ط£ظژظ†ظگ ط§ظ‚ظ’طھظڈظ„ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ط£ظژظ†ظپظڈط³ظژظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ط£ظژظˆظگ ط§ط®ظ’ط±ظڈط¬ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ظ…ظگظ† ط¯ظگظٹظژظ€ط±ظگظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ظ…ظ‘ظژط§ ظپظژط¹ظژظ„ظڈظˆظ‡ظڈ ط¥ظگظ„ط§ظ‘ظژ ظ‚ظژظ„ظگظٹظ„ظŒ ظ…ظ‘ظگظ†ظ’ظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ظˆظژظ„ظژظˆظ’ ط£ظژظ†ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ظپظژط¹ظژظ„ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ظ…ظژط§ ظٹظڈظˆط¹ظژط¸ظڈظˆظ†ظژ ط¨ظگظ‡ظگ ظ„ظژظƒظژط§ظ†ظژ ط®ظژظٹظ’ط±ط§ظ‹ ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ظˆظژط£ظژط´ظژط¯ظ‘ظژ طھظژط«ظ’ط¨ظگظٹطھط§ظ‹ - ظˆظژط¥ظگط°ط§ظ‹ ظ„ط§ظ‘طھظژظٹظ’ظ†ظژظ€ظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ظ…ظ‘ظگظ† ظ„ظ‘ظژط¯ظڈظ†ظ‘ظژظ€ط¢ ط£ظژط¬ظ’ط±ط§ظ‹ ط¹ظژط¸ظگظٹظ…ط§ظ‹ - ظˆظژظ„ظژظ‡ظژط¯ظژظٹظ’ظ†ظژظ€ظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ طµظگط±ظژط·ط§ظ‹ ظ…ظ‘ظڈط³ظ’طھظژظ‚ظگظٹظ…ط§ظ‹ - ظˆظژظ…ظژظ† ظٹظڈط·ظگط¹ظگ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظژ ظˆظژط§ظ„ط±ظ‘ظژط³ظڈظˆظ„ظژ ظپظژط£ظڈظˆظ’ظ„ظژظ€ط¦ظگظƒظژ ظ…ظژط¹ظژ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژط°ظگظٹظ†ظژ ط£ظژظ†ظ’ط¹ظژظ…ظژ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈ ط¹ظژظ„ظژظٹظ’ظ‡ظگظ… ظ…ظ‘ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ظ†ظ‘ظژط¨ظگظٹظ‘ظگظٹظ†ظژ ظˆظژط§ظ„طµظ‘ظگط¯ظ‘ظگظٹظ‚ظگظٹظ†ظژ ظˆظژط§ظ„ط´ظ‘ظڈظ‡ظژط¯ظژط¢ط،ظگ ظˆظژط§ظ„طµظ‘ظژظ€ظ„ظگطظگظٹظ†ظژ ظˆظژطظژط³ظڈظ†ظژ ط£ظڈظˆظ„ظژظ€ط¦ظگظƒظژ ط±ظژظپظگظٹظ‚ط§ظ‹ - ط°ظ„ظگظƒظژ ط§ظ„ظ’ظپظژط¶ظ’ظ„ظڈ ظ…ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظگ ظˆظژظƒظژظپظژظ‰ ط¨ظگط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظگ ط¹ظژظ„ظگظٹظ…ط§ظ‹ ﴾ (66. And if We had ordered them (saying), "Kill yourselves (i.e. the innnocent ones kill the guilty ones) or leave your homes,'' very few of them would have done it; but if they had done what they were told, it would have been better for them, and would have strengthened their conviction;) (67. And indeed We would then have bestowed upon them a great reward from Ourselves.) (68. And indeed We would have guided them to the straight way.) (69. And whoever obeys Allah and the Messenger, then they will be in the company of those on whom Allah has bestowed His grace, of the Prophets, the Siddiqin, the martyrs, and the righteous. And how excellent these companions are!) (70. Such is the bounty from Allah, and Allah is sufficient as All-Knower.)
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