Tafsir Ibn Kathir -> Surah Fussilat -> On the Day of Judgement, the Sinners' Limbs will testify against Them

﴿ظˆظژظٹظژظˆظ’ظ…ظژ ظٹظڈط­ظ’ط´ظژط±ظڈ ط£ظژط¹ظ’ط¯ظژط¢ط،ظڈ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظگ ط¥ظگظ„ظژظ‰ ط§ظ„ظ†ظ‘ظژط§ط±ظگ ظپظژظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ظٹظڈظˆط²ظژط¹ظڈظˆظ†ظژ ﴾

(And (remember) the Day that the enemies of Allah will be gathered to the Fire, then they will be driven.) means, remind these idolators of the Day when they will be gathered to the Fire and they will be driven, i.e., the keepers of Hell will gather the first of them with the last of them, as Allah says elsewhere:

﴿ظˆظژظ†ظژط³ظڈظˆظ‚ظڈ ط§ظ„ظ’ظ…ظڈط¬ظ’ط±ظگظ…ظگظٹظ†ظژ ط¥ظگظ„ظژظ‰ ط¬ظژظ‡ظژظ†ظ‘ظژظ…ظژ ظˆظگط±ظ’ط¯ط§ظ‹ ﴾

(And We shall drive the criminals to Hell, in a thirsty state) (19:86). n

﴿ط­ظژطھظ‘ظژظ‰ ط¥ظگط°ظژط§ ظ…ظژط§ ط¬ظژط¢ط،ظڈظˆظ‡ظژط§﴾

(Till, when they reach it,) means, when they stand at its edge,

﴿ط´ظژظ‡ظگط¯ظژ ط¹ظژظ„ظژظٹظ’ظ‡ظگظ…ظ’ ط³ظژظ…ظ’ط¹ظڈظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ظˆظژط£ظژط¨ظ’طµظژظ€ط±ظڈظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ظˆظژط¬ظڈظ„ظڈظˆط¯ظڈظ‡ظڈظ… ط¨ظگظ…ظژط§ ظƒظژط§ظ†ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ظٹظژط¹ظ’ظ…ظژظ„ظڈظˆظ†ظژ﴾

(their hearing (ears) and their eyes and their skins will testify against them as to what they used to do.) means, all their deeds, earlier and later; not a single letter will be concealed.

﴿ظˆظژظ‚ظژط§ظ„ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ظ„ظگط¬ظڈظ„ظڈظˆط¯ظگظ‡ظگظ…ظ’ ظ„ظگظ…ظژ ط´ظژظ‡ظگط¯طھظ‘ظڈظ…ظ’ ط¹ظژظ„ظژظٹظ’ظ†ظژط§﴾

(And they will say to their skins, "Why do you testify against us'') they will blame their limbs and their skins when they testify against them, at which point their limbs will answer:

﴿ظ‚ظژط§ظ„ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ط£ظژظ†ط·ظژظ‚ظژظ†ظژط§ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژط°ظگظ‰ ط£ظژظ†ط·ظژظ‚ظژ ظƒظڈظ„ظ‘ظژ ط´ظژظ‰ظ’ط،ظچ ظˆظژظ‡ظڈظˆظژ ط®ظژظ„ظژظ‚ظژظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ط£ظژظˆظ‘ظژظ„ظژ ظ…ظژط±ظ‘ظژط©ظچ﴾

(They will say: "Allah has caused us to speak -- as He causes all things to speak, and He created you the first time,) means, and He cannot be opposed or resisted, and to Him you will return. Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar narrated that Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "The Messenger of Allah laughed and smiled one day, and said:

آ«ط£ظژظ„ظژط§ طھظژط³ظ’ط£ظژظ„ظڈظˆظ†ظ‘ظگظٹ ط¹ظژظ†ظ’ ط£ظژظٹظ‘ظگ ط´ظژظٹظ’ط،ظچ ط¶ظژط­ظگظƒظ’طھظڈطںآ»

(Will you not ask about why I laughed)'' They said, "O Messenger of Allah, why did you laugh'' He said:

آ«ط¹ظژط¬ظگط¨ظ’طھظڈ ظ…ظگظ†ظ’ ظ…ظڈط¬ظژط§ط¯ظژظ„ظژط©ظگ ط§ظ„ظ’ط¹ظژط¨ظ’ط¯ظگ ط±ظژط¨ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈ ظٹظژظˆظ’ظ…ظژ ط§ظ„ظ’ظ‚ظگظٹظژط§ظ…ظژط©ظگ ظٹظژظ‚ظڈظˆظ„ظڈ: ط£ظژظٹظ’ ط±ظژط¨ظ‘ظگظٹ ط£ظژظ„ظژظٹظ’ط³ظژ ظˆظژط¹ظژط¯ظ’طھظژظ†ظگظٹ ط£ظژظ†ظ’ ظ„ظژط§ طھظژط¸ظ’ظ„ظگظ…ظژظ†ظگظٹطŒ ظ‚ظژط§ظ„ظژ: ط¨ظژظ„ظژظ‰طŒ ظپظژظٹظژظ‚ظڈظˆظ„ظڈ: ظپظژط¥ظگظ†ظ‘ظگظٹ ظ„ظژط§ ط£ظژظ‚ظ’ط¨ظژظ„ظڈ ط¹ظژظ„ظژظٹظ‘ظژ ط´ظژط§ظ‡ظگط¯ظ‹ط§ ط¥ظگظ„ظ‘ظژط§ ظ…ظگظ†ظ’ ظ†ظژظپظ’ط³ظگظٹطŒ ظپظژظٹظژظ‚ظڈظˆظ„ظڈ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‡ظڈ طھظژط¨ظژط§ط±ظژظƒظژ ظˆظژطھظژط¹ظژط§ظ„ظژظ‰: ط£ظژظˆظژظ„ظژظٹظ’ط³ظژ ظƒظژظپظژظ‰ ط¨ظگظٹ ط´ظژظ‡ظگظٹط¯ظ‹ط§ ظˆظژط¨ظگط§ظ„ظ’ظ…ظژظ„ظژط§ط¦ظگظƒظژط©ظگ ط§ظ„ظ’ظƒظگط±ظژط§ظ… ط§ظ„ظ’ظƒظژط§طھظگط¨ظگظٹظ†ظژ ظ‚ط§ظ„ : ظپظژظٹظڈط±ظژط¯ظ‘ظگط¯ظڈ ظ‡ط°ظژط§ ط§ظ„ظ’ظƒظژظ„ظژط§ظ…ظژ ظ…ظگط±ظژط§ط±ظ‹ط§ ظ‚ط§ظ„ : ظپظژظٹظڈط®ظ’طھظژظ…ظڈ ط¹ظژظ„ظ‰ ظپظگظٹظ‡ظگ ظˆظژطھظژطھظژظƒظژظ„ظ‘ظژظ…ظڈ ط£ظژط±ظ’ظƒظژط§ظ†ظڈظ‡ظڈ ط¨ظگظ…ظژط§ ظƒظژط§ظ†ظژ ظٹظژط¹ظ’ظ…ظژظ„ظڈطŒ ظپظژظٹظژظ‚ظڈظˆظ„ظڈ: ط¨ظڈط¹ظ’ط¯ظ‹ط§ ظ„ظژظƒظڈظ†ظ‘ظژ ظˆظژط³ظڈط­ظ’ظ‚ظ‹ط§طŒ ط¹ظژظ†ظ’ظƒظڈظ†ظ‘ظژ ظƒظڈظ†ظ’طھظڈ ط£ظڈط¬ظژط§ط¯ظگظ„آ»

(I was amazed at how a servant will dispute with his Lord on the Day of Resurrection. He will say, "My Lord, did You not promise me that you would not treat me unjustly'' Allah will say, "Yes.'' The man will say, "I will not accept any witness against me except from myself.'' Allah will say, "Is it not sufficient that I and the angels, the noble scribes, are witnesses'' These words will be repeated several times, then a seal will be placed over his mouth and his organs (or limbs) will speak about what he used to do. Then he will say, "Away with you! It was only for your sake that I was arguing!'')'' It was recorded by him and Ibn Abi Hatim. It was also recorded by Muslim and An-Nasa'i. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Abu Burdah said that Abu Musa said, "The disbeliever or the hypocrite will be called to account and his Lord will show him his deeds, but he will deny them and say, `O Lord, by Your glory, this angel has written about me something that I did not do.' The angel will say to him, `Did you not do such and such on such and such a day in such and such a place' He will say, `No, by Your glory O Lord, I did not do it.' When he does that, a seal will be placed over his mouth.'' Al-Ash`ari, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "I think that the first part of his body to speak will be his right thigh.'' Allah's saying:

﴿ظˆظژظ…ظژط§ ظƒظڈظ†طھظڈظ…ظ’ طھظژط³ظ’طھظژطھظگط±ظڈظˆظ†ظژ ط£ظژظ† ظٹظژط´ظ’ظ‡ظژط¯ظژ ط¹ظژظ„ظژظٹظ’ظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ط³ظژظ…ظ’ط¹ظڈظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ظˆظژظ„ط§ظژ ط£ظژط¨ظ’طµظژظ€ط±ظڈظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ظˆظژظ„ط§ظژ ط¬ظڈظ„ظڈظˆط¯ظڈظƒظڈظ…ظ’﴾

(And you have not been hiding yourselves (in the world), lest your ears and your eyes and your skins should testify against you;) means, their organs and skins will say to them, when they blame them for testifying against them, `you did not hide from us what you used to do, on the contrary, you openly committed disbelief and sin, and you claimed that you did not care, because you did not believe that Allah knew about all your deeds.' Allah says:

﴿ظˆظژظ„ظژظ€ظƒظگظ† ط¸ظژظ†ظژظ†طھظڈظ…ظ’ ط£ظژظ†ظ‘ظژ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظژ ظ„ط§ظژ ظٹظژط¹ظ’ظ„ظژظ…ظڈ ظƒظژط«ظگظٹط±ط§ظ‹ ظ…ظ‘ظگظ…ظ‘ظژط§ طھظژط¹ظ’ظ…ظژظ„ظڈظˆظ†ظژظˆظژط°ظژظ„ظگظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ط¸ظژظ†ظ‘ظڈظƒظڈظ…ظڈ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژط°ظگظ‰ ط¸ظژظ†ظژظ†طھظڈظ… ط¨ظگط±ظژط¨ظ‘ظگظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ط£ظژط±ظ’ط¯ظژط§ظƒظڈظ…ظ’﴾

(but you thought that Allah knew not much of what you were doing. And that thought of yours which you thought about your Lord, has brought you to destruction;) meaning, `this evil thought, i.e., your belief that Allah did not know much of what you were doing, is what has caused you to be doomed and has made your losers before your Lord.'

﴿ظپظژط£ظژطµظ’ط¨ظژط­ظ’طھظڈظ…ظ’ ظ…ظ‘ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ظڈط®ظژظ€ط³ظگط±ظگظٹظ†ظژ﴾

(and you have become of those utterly lost!) means, `in the place of Resurrection, you have lost your own selves and your families.' Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "I was hiding beneath the covering of the Ka`bah, and three men came along -- a man from the Quraysh and two of his brothers-in-law from Thaqif, or a man from Thaqif and two of his brothers-in-law from the Quraysh. Their bellies were very fat, and did not have much understanding. They said some words I could not hear, then one of them said, `Do you think that Allah can hear what we are saying now' The other said, `If we raise our voices, He will hear it, but if we do not raise our voices, He will not hear it.' The other said, `If He can hear one thing from us, He can hear everything.' I mentioned this to the Prophet , then Allah revealed the words:

﴿ظˆظژظ…ظژط§ ظƒظڈظ†طھظڈظ…ظ’ طھظژط³ظ’طھظژطھظگط±ظڈظˆظ†ظژ ط£ظژظ† ظٹظژط´ظ’ظ‡ظژط¯ظژ ط¹ظژظ„ظژظٹظ’ظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ط³ظژظ…ظ’ط¹ظڈظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ظˆظژظ„ط§ظژ ط£ظژط¨ظ’طµظژظ€ط±ظڈظƒظڈظ…ظ’ ظˆظژظ„ط§ظژ ط¬ظڈظ„ظڈظˆط¯ظڈظƒظڈظ…ظ’﴾

(And you have not been hiding yourselves (in the world), lest your ears and your eyes and your skins should testify against you) until;

﴿ظ…ظ‘ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ظ’ط®ظژظ€ط³ظگط±ظگظٹظ†ظژ﴾

(of those utterly lost!) This is how it was recorded by At-Tirmidhi. A similar report was also narrated by Ahmad (through a different chain), Muslim and At-Tirmidhi, and Al-Bukhari and Muslim also recorded (a different chain).

﴿ظپظژط¥ظگظ† ظٹظژطµظ’ط¨ظگط±ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ظپظژط§ظ„ظ†ظ‘ظژط§ط±ظڈ ظ…ظژط«ظ’ظˆظ‹ظ‰ ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ظˆظژط¥ظگظ† ظٹظژط³ظ’طھظژط¹ظ’طھظگط¨ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ظپظژظ…ظژط§ ظ‡ظڈظ… ظ…ظ‘ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ظ’ظ…ظڈط¹ظ’طھظژط¨ظگظٹظ†ظژ ﴾

(Then, if they bear the torment patiently, then the Fire is the home for them, and if they seek to please Allah, yet they are not of those who will ever be allowed to please Allah.) means, whether they bear it patiently or not, they are in the Fire and they will have no escape or way out from it, and even if they try to please Allah and offer excuses, nothing of that will be accepted from them. Ibn Jarir said, "The meaning of the Ayah,

﴿ظˆظژط¥ظگظ† ظٹظژط³ظ’طھظژط¹ظ’طھظگط¨ظڈظˆط§ظ’﴾

(and if they seek to please Allah,) is: They will ask to go back to this world, but this plea will not be answered. This is like the Ayah:

﴿ظ‚ظژط§ظ„ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ط±ظژط¨ظ‘ظژظ†ظژط§ ط؛ظژظ„ظژط¨ظژطھظ’ ط¹ظژظ„ظژظٹظ’ظ†ظژط§ ط´ظگظ‚ظ’ظˆظژطھظڈظ†ظژط§ ظˆظژظƒظڈظ†ظ‘ظژط§ ظ‚ظژظˆظ’ظ…ط§ظ‹ ط¶ظژط¢ظ„ظ‘ظگظٹظ†ظژ - ط±ظژط¨ظ‘ظژظ†ظژط¢ ط£ظژط®ظ’ط±ظگط¬ظ’ظ†ظژط§ ظ…ظگظ†ظ’ظ‡ظژط§ ظپظژط¥ظگظ†ظ’ ط¹ظڈط¯ظ’ظ†ظژط§ ظپظژط¥ظگظ†ظ‘ظژط§ ط¸ظژظ€ظ„ظگظ…ظڈظˆظ†ظژ - ظ‚ظژط§ظ„ظژ ط§ط®ظ’ط³ظژط¦ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ظپظگظٹظ‡ظژط§ ظˆظژظ„ط§ظژ طھظڈظƒظژظ„ظ‘ظگظ…ظڈظˆظ†ظگ ﴾

(They will say: "Our Lord! Our wretchedness overcame us, and we were (an) erring people. Our Lord! Bring us out of this. If ever we return (to evil), then indeed we shall be wrongdoers.'' He will say: "Remain you in it with ignominy! And speak you not to Me!'')'' (23:106-108).

﴿ظˆظژظ‚ظژظٹظ‘ظژط¶ظ’ظ†ظژط§ ظ„ظژظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ظ‚ظڈط±ظژظ†ظژط¢ط،ظژ ظپظژط²ظژظٹظ‘ظژظ†ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ظ„ظژظ‡ظڈظ… ظ…ظ‘ظژط§ ط¨ظژظٹظ’ظ†ظژ ط£ظژظٹظ’ط¯ظگظٹظ‡ظگظ…ظ’ ظˆظژظ…ظژط§ ط®ظژظ„ظ’ظپظژظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ظˆظژط­ظژظ‚ظ‘ظژ ط¹ظژظ„ظژظٹظ’ظ‡ظگظ…ظڈ ط§ظ„ظ’ظ‚ظژظˆظ’ظ„ظڈ ظپظگظ‰ ط£ظڈظ…ظژظ…ظچ ظ‚ظژط¯ظ’ ط®ظژظ„ظژطھظ’ ظ…ظگظ† ظ‚ظژط¨ظ’ظ„ظگظ‡ظگظ…ظ’ ظ…ظ‘ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ظ’ط¬ظگظ†ظ‘ظگ ظˆظژط§ظ„ط¥ظگظ†ظ’ط³ظگ ط¥ظگظ†ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ظƒظژط§ظ†ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ط®ظژظ€ط³ظگط±ظگظٹظ†ظژ - ظˆظژظ‚ظژط§ظ„ظژ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژط°ظگظٹظ†ظژ ظƒظژظپظژط±ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ظ„ط§ظژ طھظژط³ظ’ظ…ظژط¹ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ظ„ظگظ‡ظژظ€ط°ظژط§ ط§ظ„ظ’ظ‚ظڈط±ظ’ط،ظژط§ظ†ظگ ظˆظژط§ظ„ظ’ط؛ظژظˆظ’ط§ظ’ ظپظگظٹظ‡ظگ ظ„ظژط¹ظژظ„ظ‘ظژظƒظڈظ…ظ’ طھظژط؛ظ’ظ„ظگط¨ظڈظˆظ†ظژ - ظپظژظ„ظژظ†ظڈط°ظگظٹظ‚ظژظ†ظ‘ظژ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژط°ظگظٹظ†ظژ ظƒظژظپظژط±ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ط¹ظژط°ظژط§ط¨ط§ظ‹ ط´ظژط¯ظگظٹط¯ط§ظ‹ ظˆظژظ„ظژظ†ظژط¬ظ’ط²ظگظٹظژظ†ظ‘ظژظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ط£ظژط³ظ’ظˆظژط£ظژ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژط°ظگظ‰ ظƒظژط§ظ†ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ظٹظژط¹ظ’ظ…ظژظ„ظڈظˆظ†ظژ - ط°ظژظ„ظگظƒظژ ط¬ظژط²ظژط¢ط،ظڈ ط£ظژط¹ظ’ط¯ظژط¢ط،ظگ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژظ‡ظگ ط§ظ„ظ†ظ‘ظژط§ط±ظڈ ظ„ظژظ‡ظڈظ…ظ’ ظپظگظٹظ‡ظژط§ ط¯ظژط§ط±ظڈ ط§ظ„ط®ظڈظ„ظ’ط¯ظگ ط¬ظژط²ظژط¢ط،ظ‹ ط¨ظگظ…ظژط§ ظƒظژط§ظ†ظڈظˆط§ ط¨ظگظ€ظژط§ظٹظ€طھظگظ†ظژط§ ظٹظژط¬ظ’ط­ظژط¯ظڈظˆظ† - ظˆظژظ‚ظژط§ظ„ ط§ظ„ظ‘ظژط°ظگظٹظ†ظژ ظƒظژظپظژط±ظڈظˆط§ظ’ ط±ظژط¨ظ‘ظژظ†ظژط¢ ط£ظژط±ظگظ†ظژط§ ط§ظ„ظ„ظ‘ظژط°ظژظٹظ’ظ†ظگ ط£ظژط¶ظژظ„ظ‘ظژظ€ظ†ظژط§ ظ…ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ظ’ط¬ظگظ†ظ‘ظگ ظˆظژط§ظ„ط¥ظگظ†ط³ظگ ظ†ظژط¬ظ’ط¹ظژظ„ظ’ظ‡ظڈظ…ظژط§ طھظژط­ظ’طھظژ ط£ظژظ‚ظ’ط¯ظژط§ظ…ظگظ†ظژط§ ظ„ظگظٹظژظƒظڈظˆظ†ظژط§ ظ…ظگظ†ظژ ط§ظ„ط§ظ‘ظŒط³ظ’ظپظژظ„ظگظٹظ†ظژ ﴾

(25. And We have assigned for them intimate companions (in this world), who have made fair seeming to them, what was before them and what was behind them. And the Word is justified against them as it was justified against those who were among the previous generations of Jinn and men that had passed away before them. Indeed they (all) were the losers.) (26. And those who disbelieve say: "Listen not to this Qur'an, and make noise in the midst of its (recitation) that you may overcome.'') (27. But surely, We shall cause those who disbelieve to taste a severe torment, and certainly, We shall requite them the worst of what they used to do.) (28. That is the recompense of the enemies of Allah: the Fire. Therein will be for them the eternal home, a recompense for that they used to deny Our Ayat.) (29. And those who disbelieve will say: "Our Lord! Show us those among Jinn and men who led us astray, that we may crush them under our feet so that they become the lowest.'')